时间: 2021-07-31 作者:daque
俗语说:天有意外风波,人有朝夕吉凶。 动作一个linux体例处置员,你大概会把linux 超等用户暗号忘怀了,把/etc/inittab或/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit之类文献误编纂,引导体例不许平常启用的恼人缺点?
而为领会决之上题目,你就须要进到linux根文献体例居于可读写状况的单用户形式下。
底下引见在grub启发下加入linux单用户形式的三种办法:
(1) 硬件情况:
intel p4 / 1g ram / sata 80g
(2) 软硬件情况:
1)fedora core 3(以次简称为fc3)和windows2000 advance server双体例
2)lvm处置linux分区
3)/boot/grub/grub.conf文献实质:
# grub.conf generated by anaconda # # note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # notice: you have a /boot partition. this means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,2) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 # initrd /initrd-version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=1 timeout=1000 splashimage=(hd0,2)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title fedora core (2.6.9-1.667) root (hd0,2) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667 ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.9-1.667.img title windows 2000 adv rootnoverify (hd0,0) chainloader +1
开始,启用电脑,屏幕展示如次提醒:
press any key to enter the menu booting windows 2000 adv in 999 seconds…
按任一键跳过计时,加入下一步:
gnu grub version 0.95 (639k lower/103924k upper memory) fedora core (2.6.9-1.667) windows 2000 adv
底下是grub的提醒:
‘e’ 在booting前编纂启用吩咐行
‘a’ 在booting前编纂kernel的参数
‘c’加入grub吩咐行
由此按‘e’、a’、‘c’三个各别的键,加入三种各别的操纵:
1.赶快法:
采用fedora core (2.6.9-1.667)菜单,
按a键:
grub append>ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 rhgb quiet
窜改成:
grub append>ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 single quiet
按enter键实行窜改并booting加入linux单用户形式
sh-3.00#
2.简单法:
采用fedora core (2.6.9-1.667)菜单,
按e键:
root (hd0,2)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667 ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 rhgb quiet initrd /initrd-2.6.9-1.667.img 采用kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667 ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 rhgb quiet吩咐行
按e键:
grub edit>kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667 ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 rhgb quiet
窜改成:
grub edit>kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667 ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 single quiet
按enter键实行窜改
按b键booting加入linux单用户形式
sh-3.00#
3.手动法:
按c键加入grub吩咐行:
(在grub吩咐行下按tab键可获得grub吩咐扶助与grub吩咐的大概选项)
grub>fstest ( grub>filesystem tracing is now on grub>root (hd0,2) (
(指定生存有linux 内核的分区为第一个硬盘的第三个分区)
grub>filesystem type is ext2fs,partition type 0x83 grub>kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667 ro root=/dev/volgroup00/logvol00 single quiet (
(指定内核文献为/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.9-1.667,内核参数为ro—readonly, 根分区为/dev/volgroup00/logvol00,rhgb—图形办法启用,quiet—不输入启用消息)
grub>initrd /initrd-2.6.9-1.667.img (
(在前核启用前加载扶助体例硬件摆设的内核模块---initrd镜像文献--/boot/initrd-2.6.9-1.667.img,并初始化ram disk)
grub>boot (
即使体例的摆设与剧本文献精确,之上三种办法在booting command-list中城市展示:
remounting root filesystem in read-write mode:[ok]
表白此时linux单用户形式下的根文献体例居于可读可写状况。
即使体例的摆设与剧本文献展示缺点,linux单用户形式下的根文献体例加入“read-only file system”既只读状况,此时,打入:
sh-3.00#mount –o remount rw –t ext3 /
让根文献体例从新mount成可读写,你就不妨自在编纂展示缺点的体例文献了。